10 Health & Safety Takeaways from the Cannabis Industry

As the cannabis industry continues to grow rapidly, so do the health and safety considerations unique to this emerging field. Cannabis cultivation, processing, and retail environments present their own set of hazards, making occupational health and safety (OHS) a critical focus for employers and workers.

By adopting best practices from other industries and implementing industry-specific guidelines, cannabis businesses can ensure the safety and well-being of their employees while maintaining regulatory compliance.

In this article, we highlight 10 key health and safety takeaways from the cannabis industry and explore how to mitigate risks in cultivation, processing, manufacturing, and retail environments.

1. Control of Chemical Exposure

The cannabis industry heavily relies on chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, and cleaning agents, particularly in cultivation and processing facilities. Exposure to these chemicals can pose risks to workers’ respiratory systems, skin, and overall health. Improper handling can lead to chemical burns, respiratory issues, or long-term health effects.

Takeaway:

Employers must ensure that workers handling chemicals are provided with proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, respirators, and goggles. Implementing strict safety protocols, including proper storage, labeling, and disposal of hazardous materials, is essential to prevent exposure.

2. Ventilation and Air Quality

Cannabis cultivation and processing operations often require enclosed or indoor environments, which can result in poor air quality. Workers may be exposed to dust, pollen, mold, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from processing activities. These contaminants can affect workers’ respiratory health, particularly in areas with inadequate ventilation.

Takeaway:

Ensure that all facilities have adequate ventilation systems, especially in enclosed grow rooms and processing areas. Regular monitoring of air quality and controlling airborne contaminants through ventilation systems, air filters, and humidity controls will help maintain a safe working environment.

3. Ergonomics in Cannabis Cultivation and Processing

The repetitive tasks involved in cannabis cultivation, such as trimming plants, packaging products, and operating machinery, can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) like strains, sprains, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Improper workstation setup and poor body mechanics are common causes of these injuries.

Takeaway:

Implement ergonomic interventions to minimize repetitive stress injuries. This includes providing adjustable workstations, encouraging proper lifting techniques, and rotating tasks to reduce repetitive motion. Regular ergonomic assessments and training should be a priority to minimize musculoskeletal risks.

4. Fire and Explosion Hazards

Processing cannabis often involves the use of flammable solvents, especially in the extraction process, which can lead to significant fire and explosion hazards. Butane, propane, and ethanol are commonly used in extraction and pose risks if not handled and stored properly.

Takeaway:

Employers must implement fire safety protocols, including proper storage and handling of flammable substances. Install fire suppression systems and ensure workers are trained in emergency evacuation procedures. Additionally, areas where solvents are used should have proper ventilation and comply with local fire codes.

5. Safe Handling of Electrical Equipment

Cannabis cultivation operations often require extensive electrical systems to support lighting, HVAC, and irrigation systems. Electrical equipment used in cultivation and processing must be properly maintained to prevent shocks, fires, or equipment malfunctions. Overloaded circuits and improper wiring can create significant safety hazards.

Takeaway:

Regularly inspect and maintain electrical systems to ensure they meet safety standards. Workers should receive training on the proper use of electrical equipment, and electrical systems should be installed and inspected by licensed professionals. Lockout/tagout (LOTO) procedures should be in place for equipment maintenance.

6. Biological Hazards: Mold and Allergens

Indoor cannabis cultivation can promote the growth of mold and other biological hazards, especially in environments with high humidity. Additionally, cannabis plant material can be an allergen for some workers, causing respiratory irritation, skin rashes, or allergic reactions.

Takeaway:

Employers should monitor for mold and other biological hazards through regular inspections and maintain proper humidity levels. Workers should wear appropriate PPE, such as gloves and masks, to minimize exposure to mold and allergens. Provide proper ventilation and hygiene stations to limit exposure to biological hazards.

7. Safe Use of Machinery and Equipment

Machinery used in cannabis cultivation and processing, such as trimming machines, extraction systems, and packaging equipment, presents risks for cuts, crush injuries, and amputations. Improper use of machinery or lack of training can lead to serious injuries.

Takeaway:

Ensure that all workers receive proper training on how to safely operate machinery and equipment. Regular maintenance and inspection of equipment should be conducted, and proper machine guards must be installed. Workers should always follow lockout/tagout procedures during maintenance.

8. Worker Training and Safety Culture

The cannabis industry is relatively new, and many workers may not have previous experience in a regulated industry. This lack of experience makes comprehensive safety training essential to ensure employees understand the unique hazards of cannabis cultivation and processing.

Takeaway:

Develop a robust training program that covers the specific hazards of cannabis production, including chemical handling, machinery operation, ergonomics, and fire safety. Encourage a strong safety culture by involving workers in safety discussions, conducting regular safety meetings, and providing ongoing training.

9. Regulatory Compliance and OHS Standards

The cannabis industry is heavily regulated, and businesses must comply with various health and safety regulations, both at the federal and state levels. In addition to cannabis-specific regulations, general occupational health and safety (OHS) standards apply.

Takeaway:

Ensure compliance with all relevant safety standards and regulations, such as those set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Regular safety audits and inspections should be conducted to ensure compliance, and employers should stay informed about evolving cannabis regulations.

10. Mental Health and Stress Management

Working in the cannabis industry can involve high levels of stress due to regulatory pressures, tight deadlines, and physically demanding work. Cultivation and processing workers, as well as retail employees, may experience burnout or mental health issues if these stressors are not properly managed.

Takeaway:

Promote mental health and well-being by providing resources for stress management, such as access to counseling services, mental health days, and promoting work-life balance. Creating a supportive and inclusive workplace culture helps employees manage stress and stay productive.

The cannabis industry is growing quickly, and with that growth comes the responsibility of ensuring the health and safety of workers in all aspects of production, processing, and retail. By implementing best practices, including proper training, PPE, hazard control measures, and a focus on mental health, employers in the cannabis industry can create a safer, more productive work environment.

As the industry continues to expand and evolve, prioritizing occupational health and safety will be key to sustaining growth and maintaining compliance with stringent regulations.